今日内容有点多..讲的系Obligation and Permission. 义务与许可. 姐系: MUST HAVE TO MUSTN'T DON'T HAVE TO/ NEEDN'T HAD TO WASN'T ALLOWED TO CAN
1. MUST
如你所知, MUST表示"必须", 表达的系一种"发言者所同意的义务".唔明?等我讲埋HAVE TO 再比较吓你就明. 例子:
老师对一个学生讲: You must study all this weekend for the exam on Monday. 为了星期一的考试, 这个周末你必须学习.
2. HAVE TO HAVE TO 表示的都系义务, 但系系一种"被强加的义务". 例子:
个学生的女友问: Can you come out with me tomorrow? 明天可以出来陪我吗?
个学生只好回答: I'm sorry. I have to study all weekend. 很抱歉. 我周末必须学习
对比一下, 体得出分别未? 冇错. 系老师的眼中,星期日返学天经地义, 所以系"发言者所同意的义务". 所以用MUST. 但系, 系学生的眼中, 星期日返学系"被强加的义务".所以用HAVE TO.
3. MUSTN'T
MUSTN'T 表示"不准". 例子: 星期一考场上, 个老师对住个学生话: You mustn't start writing till I say. 在我提示之前你不许开始动笔.
4.DON'T HAVE TO/ NEEDN'T 而里两个词组表示"不需要" 例子: 个老师继续话: There are ten questions, but you don't have to answer them all. 你不用全部回答十道题. You must answer at least five questions, but you needn't write more than 500 words for each answer. 你必须完成至少五道题, 但是每道题不需要超过500字.
5 HAD TO MUST 系冇过去式的. 所以表达"过去的义务"的时候, 我地用HAD TO.
例子: 个女友系星期一被人问: Why you look so unhappy? 为什么你看起来不开心?
她就答: Because my boyfriend had to study all weekend. 因为我男友周末要学习.
6. WASN'T ALLOWED TO MUST冇过去时, 甘MUSTN'T 一样系冇的. 所以我地用WASN'T ALLOWED TO.
例子: 翻到去, 阿妈问个学生: Can I see your exam? 我可以看看你的考卷吗?
学生只好话: I'm sorry, I wasn't allowed to take it out of the exam room. 很抱歉, 我不准把考卷带出考室.
7. CAN 讲左甘耐, CAN系唯一一个表示Permission(许可)的. 上面的全部都是表示Obligation(义务)的.
例子: 个同学问学生: Can I borrow your notes, please? 我可以借你的笔记吗?
个学生话: Of course you can. But you mustn't lose them! 当然可以.但是你绝不能丢了它们! (可以看到, 是"不准"丢了他们 所以用must. 当然也可以改为You aren't allowed to lose them. 不过用的比较少..而且不顺口)